Featured Book: The Electronics Problem Solver, Volume 1

The Electronics Problem Solver, Volume 1 by Max Fogiel, Research and Education Association, You-Liang Gu. Browse the book and solve some of the problems. Yeah at least try! (solutions are also discussed)

Electronics Trivia 20

Produce coalescence metal when heated electrode is consumable and with weld pool. Uses in welding Aluminum

• Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)

Produce Coalescence metal, when arc is place between stub metal.

• Stub Arc Welding

This method of monolithic IC production, elements do not penetrate the substrate. 

• Epitaxial

Used in measuring unknown capacitance.

• Capacitance Bridge

Electrodes are identified using _________ numbering system and their sizes of electrodes are from 1/16 to 5/16

• American Welding Society

The horizontal dimension displayed by the oscilloscope

• Time per Unit Division

In charging, the charging process that measures the battery voltage instead of current charge.

• Floating Current

An amplifier in which the transistor is in its active region for less than half the signal cycle

• Class C amplifier

What is the advantage of full wave bridge type transformer? 

• It uses full secondary windings

MIG welding is becoming popular in the welding industry because 

• Easy operation

An electrode similar characteristic as E6010 but it uses AC and DC currents

• E6011

PN junction at reverse bias, capacitance does not depend on this  

• frequency

Weld electrodes conduct the electric current to the two pieces of metal as they are forged together

• Resistance Weld

Person study robots

• Roboticist

During Arc welding, the current is in the range of

• 50-400A

Used in synchro system containing either differential transmitter or control transformers reduces the stator current and increases the accuracy of the system.

• Synchro Capacitor

An arc is formed between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and metal being weld

• TIG welding

Working from a product design likely to exist in a CAD data base, it compasses the computer technologies that physically produce the product including parts-program preparation, process planning, tool design, process analysis, and parts processing by numerical controlled machines

• Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

The detection by robot through contact of touch, force, pattern, slip, and movement allows determination of local shape, orientation and feedback forces of a grasped workpiece.

• Tactile Sensing

The degree of which a process has been made automatic. 

• Level of Automation

Conductivities

• Silver: 108.8%
• Gold: 72.5%
• Aluminum: 63%

Absorption of slow moving electrons by intervening matter

• Ramsauer Effect

An ac bridge used for determining unknown capacitance

• Schering Bridge

Use for frequency measurement but commonly used for determining unknown capacitance with great accuracy

• Wien Bridge

Name for the very first transistor

• Point Contact

A meter w/c requires its own power source

• Ohmmeter

Serves as a cathode for dry cells

• Zinc Container

SMPS

• Switch Mode Power Supply

Electronics Trivia 19

Cycle time 

• is the time it takes for a robot to move from 1 location to another location.

The diameter of the original silicon wafer before processing is

• 3 – 8 inches.

A main advantage of the swinburnes test is that

• it is economical and convenient.

How much current in a transistor that will flow through the collector? –

• 95%

The derivative of sine wave 

• is a representation of the rate of change.

Reluctance 

• is the property of a material that opposes the creation of the magnetic flux

What type of meter requires its own power source? – 

• Ohmmeter

A transformer that normally operates at 100 – 150Khz is a 

• Converter Transformer.

A camera for imaging positron emitters using multilayers of silicon detectors is a 

• Compton Camera.

What is done when you make a N – type semiconductor material? –

• Adding of donor  impurities.

Interactions whether desired or undesired in between parts of a control system, can result in a 

• multiple loop control system.

If two waves have the same frequency, the same amplitude but opposite in phase,

• the composite wave is zero.

A metal film resistor has 

• less reluctance than a wire wound type.

The atomic mass unit in grams is the reciprocal of the

• Avogadro’s number.

Ground wire is used to 

• connect a circuit conductor or other devices in an earth plate.

Ferranti Effect – 

• when the load in the receiving end of a long transmission line is removed, the sending end voltage is less than the receiving end voltage

F.T. Bacon -

• designed 1st fuel battery in 1959

Critical Resistance – 

• value of resistance w/c reduces the square root term to zero w/c gives a real, equal and negative roots.

Offset Voltage – 

• potential between amplifier input terminals of op-amp in closed loop condition.

Molecule – 

• atoms of elements join together to form a compound.

Thermistor – 

• detects change in resistance w/ temp.

Diffusion Length – 

• ave. distance covered by an excess charged carrier while diffusion during lifetime.

Differential Amplifier – 

• Subtractor

Speed of Response –

• rapidity w/ w/c the system responds to a change in quantity to be measured.

What is the difference between actual rotor speed and the synchronous speed in induction motor?

• Slip

What type of rotor winding in which heavy conductors are imbedded in the rotor body? 

• Squirrel-cage winding

It is frequently used in digital frequency counter

• LED

Which of the following has the lowest forward voltage?

• Germanium

High temperature metals such as columbium can be easily welded by _______ welding.

• Beam 

The power transfer efficiency from source to load ________ as load resistance increases

• increases

Used in measuring unknown inductance

• Inductance Bridge

Electronics Trivia 18

Determining the best pole:

• specification  of system performance
• practical considerations

DC motors is most affected by 

• copper loss

In small induction =

• energy is stored & released quickly 

Process w/c is not included in monolithic IC fabrication-

• Die Casting

Change in magnetic field-  

• Produces fluctuation in electric field

Reason why high range is use when voltmeter is connected in a circuit—

• to prevent excess current through meter movement

Power loss due to corona is not proportional to space---

• between conductors

Outstanding features of universal motor:

• Highest output of kW/kg ratio

What gives OP amps immunity to noise immunity to noise:

• Hysterises

JFET references point JFET – 

• Source

It helps in energy conversion – 

• counter emf

robotic arm w/c allows the robot to move, yaw,pitch and roll—

• manipulator

it compose of passive components such as resistor and capacitor—

• Film IC

place where the cathode in dry cell found – 

• zinc container

gain of buffer amplifier—

• unity

conductivity of semicon when there is light

• increasing

fault connection—

• faulty wiring connections

all odd harmonics—

• square wave

A transistor that operates on a Non saturated switch eliminate

• Storage Time.

The time required for Ic to reach 90% of its maximum level from 10 % level is 

• Rise Time.

DE MOSFET differs from JFET 

• generally because It has no PN Jnunction.

CMOS circuits are extensively in on – chip computers because of its 

• extremely large packing density.

Nickel Iron Battery has active elements of 

• Nickel Hydroxide; powdered Iron with its oxides; 21% solution of caustic potash.

A Transformer coupled Amplifier would give 

• Impedance Matching.

When an emitter bypass capacitor in a CE amplifier is removed its

• voltage gain is considerably reduced. 

A circuit that uses an integrator to convert a step wave to a ramp wave form is a

• Miller Circuit.

A phototransistor is more like a conventional transistor except that in there case

• it uses light energy to switch it on.

Before illuminating a PN Junction Photo Diode

• it has to be reversed biased.

When an IC is formed by depositing the required devices of passive elements like resistors, capacitors and is interconnected on an insulated substrate

• it is a Film IC

The emitter of a transistor is generally doped the heaviest

• because it has to dissipate maximum power.

The difference between a J-K flip flop from a S-C flip flop is its 

• Toggle Condition.

When a PN Junction is produced, the diffusion current would cause a 

• Barrier Potential.

In the Operation enhancement only N – channel MOSFET, 

• the value of its gate voltage is highly positive.

Silicon is Z = 14, its outer sub shell 

• is half – filled.

OS Memory 

• contains the bios that is read in when the computer is first started.

Electronics Trivia 17

measure inductance with large phase angle

• Hay Bridge

increase propagation delay

• Monostable

from dc to ac signal

• Inverter

oscillator with no stable state

• Astable

uses positive feedback

• Oscillator 

measures current and voltage waveform

• Ondograph

measures speed using flickering light

• Stroboscope

refreshed battery

• Trickle Chraging 

car battery charging

• Bench Charging 

charge or stand by

• floating Battery

mantissa, base and exponent

• Floating Point

to increase from 10% to 90%

• Rise Time

most dangerous type of short circuit

• Dead Short Circuit

use to measure frequency & capacitance

• Wien Bridge

provides constant current and constant voltage with a given resistance

• Bootstrap Circuit

projectile of electron

• Electron Ballistic

smallest parameter 

• ho

measured in short circuit by v1 /i 1

• h11

used for 10-100 Ghz

• IMPATT

size of a transistor’s base

• 0.5 – 1 micron

“1 process”

• Monolithic IC

probability of occurrence in outermost shell; forbidden band

• Fermi

energy distribution to the electrons of crystal at constant temperature

• Fermi – Dirac

shaping of waveform using linear elements

• Linear Wave Shaping

unit for luminous intensity

• Candela 

contains odd harmonics; symmetrical

• Half Wave 

hot carrier diode; fast switching; no depletion region

• Schottky

uses for painting; maneuverable

• Gantry Robot

examples: Carbon, Semiconductors, thermistor

• Negative Temperature Coefficient

power factor ranges from 0 to 1

• RC Circuit

doubles every 10 degrees Celsius

• Transistor

microprocessor

• Ted Hoff

doubles every 6 degrees Celsius

• Resistors

Electronics Trivia 16

Thevenin’s voltage.

• Can be represented by a single resistor connected in series with a voltage

Short circuit test

• made in the secondary of the transformer

Disadvantage of IC over discrete components.

• low gain

Conductivity of pure silver

• 108.8

Most ICs are

• Monolithic

Half wave voltage doublers

• 2 rectifiers

Lowest ripple voltage output

• LC filter

Wien Bridge

• high frequency/inductance

Wheatstone Bridge

• resistance

The meter sensitivity control of the test equipment would probably be

• Linear taper potentiometer

Which of the following is equal to 1.66 x 10-27 kg?

• Unified atomic mass unit (AMU)

If the hole is considered to be +1 unit, then:

• the electron is considered to be -1 unit

What transformer is operated at 20 Khz – 20 Mhz

• carrier frequency transformer

The derivative of a sinewave

• represents the rate of change

The force that has not been magnetized between a metal and  a ferromagnetic material

• is never repulsive

Frequency of sinewave in hertz is:

• 1 divided by the period in seconds

The camera for imaging positron emitters using multilayer silicon detectors is called:

• Compton camera

Selenium is best suited for which application?

• photocells

____ contains BIOS that is read in once the computer is first started

• OS memory

If two waves of the same frequency and the same phase would have a composite wave that has a:

• Magnitude equal to the sum of the two originals

The contact between the metals and heavily doped semiconductors is called

• ohmic contact

The main disadvantage of HOPKINSON’s TEST for finding efficiency of shunt dc motors is that:

• It requires two identical shunt machines

The simplest tube capable of amplification

• Triode

The charging current in the cable

• leads the voltage by 90º

The approximate atomic weight of an element contains:

• The number of protons plus the number of electrons

The IC advantage that translates into less downtime

• reliability

It indicates the ability to reproduce the input variation

• Fidelity

The maximum number of electrons in the P layer of the atomic structure

• 72

The graph between the amplitude ratio and the logarithm of the input signal frequency

• BODE Plot

System which contains microprocessor, memory and input/output interfacing

• microcontroller

The requirement for a DC armature winding is that

• It must be a closed one

The silicon solar cell is usually

• A photovoltaic cell

“Lantern Batteries” are best used in

• 2 way portable radios

Transistor batteries are best used in

• Electronic calculators

Lithium batteries are best used in

• microcomputer memory back up

Solid grounding is adopted in voltages lower than

• 660 V

Resistor grounding is used in voltages ranging from

• 3.3 kV to 11 kV

A stand-alone device which includes microprocessor, memory and in/out interface

• microcontroller

One characteristic of a single phase motor is

• it is not self starting

Electronics Trivia 15

When two waves have the same frequency, same amplitude but opposite in phase, the composite wave is

• Zero

How will you make an N-type semiconductor material

• Add a donor impurity

Design the first fuel battery in 1959

• F.T Bacon

Another term for differential amplifier

• Subtractor

Sending voltage is less than the receiving voltage is known as

• Ferrenti Effect

Used to connect a circuit conductor or other device to an earth plate

• Ground Wire

Current flow to the collector

• 95%

Camera for imaging positron emitters using multiple layer of silicon detectors

• Compton Camera

One main advantage of Swinburne’s test

• Economical and Convenient

Original diameter of silicon wafer before processing

• 3-8 inches

Detect the resistance temperature of semiconductor on metal oxide

• Thermistor

Particles when atoms join together to form compound

• Molecule

A time takes a robot to move from one location to the next location

• Cycle Time

 _______ contains BIOS to read in when computer is 1st started

• OS Memory

Camera tube with minimum lag

• Plumbicon

 A logic gate that is used ass odd parity checker

• XOR

A 99.5% pure aluminum has _____% conductivity

• 63

Memory is another name for

• Primary Storage

Best application of wire wound resistor

• High power dc circuit

What is/are common to both fullwave and bridge type rectifiers

• Vdc
• Ripple Factor
• Percentage Ripple
• Frequency

An interaction phenomenon occur to both matter and wave

• Quantum theory

Three-phase ac

• has three waves, both of the same amplitude

Defines the work envelope of the robot manipulator

• Range of the axis motion

A ________ applies to a circuit with more than one emf source

• Superposition theorem

What signal produces resistance in a capacitor?

• low frequency signal

What is the ratio of the output signal power compared to the total input power of an amplifier?

• Efficiency

A device that converts electrical energy to mechanical motion

• Solenoid

A device that reduce the amplitude of the unwanted frequencies below the level of the desired output frequency

• Attenuator

Advantage of electrostatic meter

• It can measure ac voltages

DC motor with high torque

• Series Motor

Oscilloscope that display longer time for analysis purposes

• Storage Oscilloscope

For advanced chip, the distance of each component is

• 1µm

Standard chip has distances between components of

• 2µm to 3 µm

Used as voltage reference on voltage regulators

• zener diode

Impedances in R + jXL

• corresponds to unique reactance inductance
• corresponds to unique resistance

Parts of a transformer

• Core, primary, secondary

Cache memory 

• memory used in last register file and to be retrieved faster data

Output of lead-acid battery

• 2.1 V

Bleeder resistor 

• connected in parallel with the capacitor

Electronics Trivia 14

The modified miller circuit which requires only pulse signal to get ramp waveform

• phantastron circuit

The breakdown voltage increases as the temperature increases of the avalanche breakdown. The avalanche breakdown has

• positive temperature coefficient

When the common emitter transient is cut-off

• the maximum voltage appears across the collector

The static V/I characteristic of junction diode is defined by

• Boltzmann diode equation

Photoconductive cell is also known as

• phototransistor cell or photoresistor cell

ICs that are based on discrete changes of values in circuit operation

• Digital ICs

The problem of coordinating different asynchronous devices in a computer can be overcome by the technique called

• Handshake

Generates non-sinusoidal waveform

• Multivibrators

An SCS has

• 1 anode, 1 cathode and 2 gate terminals

ICs which are made by silk-screening components onto an aluminum substrate is _____ ICs

• thick layer

The Nimak Gantry robot has a

• good positional precision

Thermal neutrons are also called

• slow neutrons

The gain of darlington amplifier pair is produced by _______ its beta

• Multiplying

A transistor is operated as a non-saturated switch to eliminate

• storage time

Boolean algebra is essentially based on

• logic

When used in circuit, zener diode is always

• reversed bias

In an AC amplifier, larger internal resistance in an ac source signal

• small circuit voltage gain

Transients that is produced due to sudden but energetic changes from one steady state to another is ______ transients

• Transition

Solar cells are used in earth satellites because

• very high efficiency and unlimited life

IC manufacturing foundation is based on

• Wafer

Maxwell-Wien bridge measures

• Inductance

D flip-flop is composed of

• J-K flip flop
• Inverter &
• RS flip flop

At room temperature, current carrier of intrinsic semiconductors is

• electrons and holes

Anderson bridge is a modification of

• wien-bridge oscillator

JFETs operate in 

• depletion mode only

An instrument that measures variation in temperature by changing metallic resistance

• Bolometer

CE is always

• 180º phase reversal

GaAs emits

• in the infrared region

Phototransistors are the same as conventional transistors except that

• Phototransistor uses light to “switch on” the transistor

The dv/dt effect on SCRs cause

• false triggering

If the power output in an amplifier is doubled, the increase in energy level is

• 3dB

The ratio of Ah efficiency over wH efficiency is

• always greater than 1m

There is no transient in

• purely resistive circuits

Transformer that operates @ 100Hz to 150 Khz

• Converter transformer

Meter that has own power source

• Ohmmeter

Opposes the creation of magnetic flux

• Reluctance

Has less reactance than wire wound

• Metal Film Resistor

The reciprocal of atomic number unit in grams

• Avogadro’s Number

Representation of the rate of change

• Derivative of sinewave

Electronics Trivia 13

Phototransistor excel photodiode by

• greater sensitivity, high current capacity

In a circuit, zener diode is always

• reversed bias

Square law devices

• JFET

If a semiconductor is doped with a small amount of boron, number of holes and electrons will

• decrease(electrons) and increase(holes)

In octal, grouping bits are by

• 3’s

Permeameter is

• an instrument used to determine the characteristic of a ferromagnet

Volatile memory is

• semiconductor ROM

Oscillator oscillates on

• positive feedback

Hexadecimal is

• a number system that use number and letter symbols

MOSFET differ in JFET in

• P-N junction

Before illuminating PN junction, the photodiode is 

• reversed bias

In silicon (atomic no. = 14), outermost orbit is

• half filled

Sulphation in lead acid battery is due to

• incomplete charging

General purpose diode suffer avalanche breakdown rather than zener diode because of

• dissipated maximum power

Active materials in nickel iron battery are:

• Nickel hydrogen, powdered iron & oxides and 21%solution of caustic potash

Double energy transients consists of

• reactance, inductance and capacitance

Advantage of compiler over interpreter in computer is

• can store and retrieve as often as required

Emitter is _____ compared to collector

• heavily doped

In CE, if emitter bypass capacitor is removed, ______ will be reduced

• Voltage gain

Inverter circuit employed the conversion of

• DC voltage to AC voltage

If fuse requires a higher current in the circuit, the load will

• seriously overload

Discharge of electricity from a conductor with higher potential

• Corona

Floating point consists of

• a base, exponent and mantisa

Any voltage applied across the PN junction is

• Bias voltage

The main use of class C amplifier is

• As RF amplifier

The main advantage of CMOS logic family over the TTL family is

• much reduced power

In excess-3 code, each coded number is

• three larger than the BCD code

During charging and discharging of nickel-iron cell

• water is neither formed nor adsorbed

The emitter of a transistor is generally doped the heaviest because

• it has to dissipate maximum power

The unique features of common collector amplifier is that it

• levels up the input impedance, does not increase the voltage gain, and acts as an impedance matching device.

The major component of MOS IC is

• MOSFET

The detection sensitivity of CRT depends inversely on

• the distance between the Y plates

Silicon is preferred in zener manufacturing because

• it has high temperature and current capacity

Trickle charging of storage battery helps to

• keep it fresh and fully charged

It is the decrease in voltage gain with frequency

• Roll off

The maximum number of electrons in a valence shell that an atom can have is

• 8

1 KWH of energy is equal to

• 860 Kcal

The transient current in a loss-free LC circuit excited from an AC source

• undamped waveform

The input impedance, h11 of a network with output shorted is given by the ratio

• V1/i1

The function of a rectifier filter is

• to remove the ripple of the rectified output

Electronics Trivia 12

Why does silicon require higher energy level compared to Ge?

• Because its valence electrons are more tightly bonded to the parent nuclei 

Why is biasing important to BJT’s?

• to have a fixed current amplification level

What does thermometer resistor measure?

• Temperature

If the loop gain of the oscillating doesn’t obey Barkhevun(ano daw ‘to?) principle (loop gain = 1), what will happen?

• Stop oscillating

If the MOSFET operates higher than the pinch off voltage, what happens to the drain current?

• the drain current is constant

What do you need in order to get the product of two binary?

• Adder,subtractor and shift register

“Databus” refers to

• data lines in the system bus

Transputer is a

• 32 bit device

The measure of consistency or repeatability

• Precision

The unit of absolute permittivity

• Farad/meter (farad per meter)

The main feature of common emitter

• signal phase reversal

The main advantage of swinburnes?

• economical and convenient

A device with two plate and between them is an insulator

• Capacitor

A device that converts sinewave to series of pulses through the application of comparator circuits

• Timing marker generator

A filter that rejects a band of signals/frequencies and pass the rest

• Bandstop filter

The ratio of fractional difference of amplification with feedback to the fractional difference of amplification without feedback

• sensitivity of transfer gain

Why monolithic ICs are more used than Film ICs?

• because of its linear property

Why is bleeder resistor used in biasing DC circuits?

• to improve regulation and filtration

What must be added to improve its linearity of the bootstrap and time-base miller?

• a compensating network

What must be the reason why amplifier with feedback changes with increasing frequency?

• because of capacitive elements

In hall effect, the electric field is

• in normal with magnetic field and current

Logic circuits are for

• logic decision

Photo darlington is composed of

• a phototransistor and transistor

Op amp shunt regulator differ from a series regulator because

• the line resistor is in series with the control element

The trickle charging of battery

• keep it fresh and fully charged

Q-meter is based on the theory of

• series resonance

“Metallization” means

• interconnection of conductors and bond gaps

For amplifiers, if 3dB below resonance is lowered, 3dB upper resonance is raised, what happens to BW?

• Increased

Maxwell L/C bridge is so called because of

• balance of two opposite impedance in opposite arms

Battery buffer

• decreases variation of voltage and current supplied by dc generators

SCS acts ON state by

• pulsating pulse in its cathode gate

Access of identity register in a digital computer uses

• address modification

In N channel MOSFET, the value of gate voltage is

• high positive

An XOR produce only output when 2inputs are

• Different

In Op amp, when the input resistance is infinite, input current is

• Infinity

In a transient, pure resistive circuit

• have no stored energy

Output impedence, ho, ideal and CB connected has

• 0 siemens

In an RL filter, Ripple factor

• remains constant with load current

Decibel measures

• power level

In an RL low pass filter, -12dB/octave is equal to

• -40dB/decade

Electronics Trivia 11

A solar cell operates on a principle of:

• photovoltaic action

The temperature coefficient of an extrinsic semiconductor material is _______.

• Negative

For a silicon diode, the forward bias voltage 

• Must be greater than 0.7V

What do you call a “computer on a chip”?

• Transputer

Monolithic technique is ideally suitable in fabricating _______

• digital IC’s

For a given line voltage, for heating coils will produce maximum heat when connected in ______.

• Parallel

Frequency stability in an oscillator can be achieved by _________.

• incorporating tuned circuits

Lower cut-off frequency of an amplifier can be determined by its _____.

• Capacitance coupling and bypass capacitor

The sediment which accumulates at the bottom of a lead-acid battery consists largely of ______.

• Antimony-lead alloy

The function of a pilot cell in a storage battery is to _______.

• Indicate the condition of the entire battery.

Class of amplifier which has the highest distortion.

• Class C

Unit of Magnetic flux

• Weber

During charging of a lead-acid cell

• its volume increases

Unit of electric intensity

• Newton/coulomb and Volt/meter

Active materials nickel-iron battery

• Nickel hydroxide, powdered iron and its sodium and 20% solution of caustic 

Unit of permeability of a medium

• Farad/meter

In line voltages, heating coil will produce maximum heat when connected in

• Parallel

kpW is classified as

• recording instrument

The most dangerous short circuit is

• dead short circuit

The first IC chip was invented by

• J. S. Kilby

In high pass RC circuit, when the value of capacitance is doubled, the frequency cut-off is

• Halved

Hay bridge is used in

• measuring inductance impedance with large phase angle

A transputer has __ bits.

• 32

BCD is a _____.

• binary code

2 x 8 RAN means

• 2 eight bit data words

Lead-acid cell does not depend on ______.

• rate of change

When charge is given to the battery taken off from a vehicle is called ______.

• bench charge

In forward bias, the diode

• conducts current

The capacitor has 

• 2 conductors separated by a dielectric

A dual trace CRO has

• 1 electron gun and 1 two-pole switch

Gold is used in doping a semiconductor material to

• reduce storage time

What element is not suited for doping an intrinsic to be converted into an N Type extrinsic semiconductor?

• Iridium

JFET operates in

• depletion mode only

The trickle charge of storage battery

• keeps the battery fresh and fully charged

Consider the energy gap diagram of an intrinsic semiconductor. FERMI lies on the ______.

• Forbidden gap

The operation of Q-meter is based on _______.

• series resonance

The temperature coefficient of an extrinsic semiconductor is _______

• Negative

A 32 bit, “Computer on a chip” is also known as ___

• Transputer

In a low pass filter, the cut-off frequency is represented by a point where the output voltage is reduced to _____% of the input voltage.

• 70.7%

In higher forward voltages, a junction diode is likely to ______.

• burn out

Electronics Trivia 10

The _____ of a buck converter is define as the ratio of on time of transistor Q to the switching period:

• Duty cycle

A variable reluctance stepper motor is constructed of ________ material with salient pole

• ferromagnetic 

A device that is clipped onto an in circuit, dual-in line package (DIP) logic IC that determines the state of each pin of the IC:

• logic clip

The electrode of an alkaline cell

• Potassium hydroxide

The simplest bridge that is use to measure medium resistances:

• Wheatstone Bridge

An ammeter should have an ideal _____ ohms:

• Zero

An ac bridge which measures mutual inductance:

• Heaviside Bridge

A four-arm ac bridge that measure inductance against standard capacitance:

• Maxwell Bridge

Equivalent circuit of plus one diode and two resistor

• UJT

Comprise of systematic element of mechanical,electronics engineering, computer studies and control theory.

• Robotics

A diode operating at 50 volt PIV and rectifying 50 volt AC most likely to break because 

• PIV is less compare to its input

All or nothing in a relay operation,

• the higher value picks up and lower value picks down

Candela is SI unit for 

• luminous intensity

In robotics, prismatic is robot axes moves 

• at a straight line.

 ________cannot be attain its characteristics so connecting feedback is needed.

• Higher sacrifies factor

Positive feedback in an amplifier

• Oscillator

In serial communication NRZI means 

• non return to zero inverted

In a motor two to three hours life is 

• lost when connected in a non factored load

Introduced by IBM

• Bytes

It is programming of a control set of a computer

• Microprogramming

At 95 MHz frequency, Air core inductors is

• often used

 ____is composed of fundamental frequency of the harmonic

• Square wave

 ____is network of inductor and capacitor

• L network

 ____ in series with capacitor and parallel inductor, transform impedance and is a high pass filter.

• T network

What is the difference between rheostat and potentiometer? 

• rheostat carries much higher  current capacity

The easiest way of measuring amplitude in an oscilloscope 

• peak to peak voltage

Op Amps high gain, differential amplifier hose characteristic is determined 

• by external elements

LED and Phototransistor

• Opto-isolator

Often used as voltage reference source

• Weston cell

ELI: 

• voltage leads current 90 electrical degrees

An LC oscillator having 2XC and 1 XL

• Colpitts

A negative-resistance microwave diode having a thin slice of semiconductor material sandwiched between 2 metal conductors is called ______.

• PIN diode

Negative Feedback reduces distortion in an amplifier only when:

• It is generated within the amplifier

When a BJT is employed as an amplifier, it operates:

• Over the active region

A circuit used to produce delays

• Monostable multivibrator

Common Collector (CC) amplifier

• highest current gain

An ideal voltage regulator has a voltage regulation of:

• 0

Main components of a microprocessor

• ALU and control unit

In positive logic, logic state “1” corresponds to _____

• higher voltage level

Electronics Trivia 9

OP AMP comparator circuits uses:

• no feedback

In any 3 ½ digit voltmeter, the largest   number that can be read is:

• 0999

PIV is applied across a diode when it is:

• reversed biased

Heaviside-Campbell equal ratio bridge is used to measure:

• self-inductance in terms of mutual  inductance

Primary cause of linear distortion in an amplifier:

• reactance associated in the circuit and the active amplifying element.

Reverse current in a silicon junction nearly doubles every ____ rise in temperature.

• 6 degrees

The voltage wave is applied across a pure capacitor, as compared to a fundamental voltage, the reactance offered by the capacitor to the third harmonic voltage is:

• one-third

The ratio of energy stored and returned either capacitor or inductor, to the dissipated energy by the device resistance:

• quality factor

Process of adjustment of a scale to agree  with the accepted/ certified constant:

• calibration

Any solid object has a maximum of ___ degrees of freedom:

• 6

An IC which is made up of spurting material in a ceramic substrate is called:

• thin film IC

A scale of an indicating instrument whose each division represents the same value is also known as:

• linear scale

An SCR semiconductor is made up of

• 2 P types and 1 N type

Hays bridge is particularly used to measure:

• inductive impedances with large phase angle

Devices used to reduce amplitude of a signal waveform:

• attenuator

A proper biased NPN transistor, the electron in the emitter:

• passes through base to collector

The main reason why electrons tunnel through PN junction is that:

• the depletion region is extremely thin

The efficiency of a class A amplifier can be increased by using:

• transformer coupled load

Produces the highest torque in DC motors:

• Series

Works best at high frequencies:

• Ceramic

Each impedance R+jXL

• correspond to a unique point in the RL  plane
• correspond to a unique inductance reactance
• correspond to a unique resistance

Ability of an instrument retains its performance throughout its specified operating life and storage life:

• Stability

Volume of an atom divided by the cell volume:

• Packing Factor 

By which method protection against direct lightning strokes and high voltages sweep wave is provided:

• lightning arrester and ground wires

The induced emf in the armature conductor in a dc motor is:

• sinusoidal

Major difference between the construction of lead acid and nicad battery:

• the cell in nicad battery can be replaced

A buck-booster converter with a 30kHz switching frequency is operating with D=0.25. the connected load is 10O. Determine the crirtical frequency so that current IL is continous.

• Lc = (1-D)2 RL

        2Fs

Unity follower amplifier is an ________ input impedance, leading to its use as an intermediate stage (buffer) amplifier to prevent small load impedance from loading a source:

• Extremely High

Typical value of CMMR:

• ranging from 100 to 10,000

Typical value of CMMR in dB:

• ranging from 40dB to 80Db

Of the wire is the maximum current, it can safely carry.

• Ampacity

 ____can keep the display for a longer time for analysis purposes.

• Storage oscilloscope

With permeability tuning, moving the core further into solenoid coil,

• increase the inductance

The best type of core if you need a winding inductance of 1-2 henrys:

• ferromagnetic pot core

For advanced chip, the distance between component is.

• 1 µm

Electrostatic meter:

• can detect ac voltages

What is an electronic oscillator?

• an amplifier with feedback

The current in the solar panel can be increased by:

• connecting solar panel in parallel

A diode that is designed to operate reversed voltage and is manufactured to a process that increases voltage dependent depletion capacitance or junction capacitance:

• varactor  diode

In transistor consideration, _________ analysis is based on the assumption that for small changes, the variable interest is a linear function of the other variable and thus the differential can be replaced by its increment.

• stability factor or sensitivity

Electronics Trivia 8

In pc motor, mechanical output power is from

• electrical input defect

The point defect resulting a missing atom in a lattice is

• vacancy defect

Protection of lightning stroke

• lightning arrester and ground wire

When everything held constant which of the ff does not affect the inductance of the air core

• Frequency

The absolute limit of the component density in an IC technology is determined by the

• size of semi conductor

If the ratio of the inductive reactance is decrease

• the phase angle decreases

If the operating temperature is 155°C this is under motor classification of

• Class F

Main characteristic of pot-coil inductor is

• more inductive less in volume

Class A amplifier

• is bias in which Vc can swing in equal distance in either side of Q point

SCARA (Selective Compliant Assembly Robot Arm) is use for

• assembly operation practically in the field of engineering

The two opposing tort having equal amplitude when a pointer of a measuring instrument finally goes at rest

• deflecting tort and restoring tort

Crystal oscillator provides

• stable carrier wave for radio transmitter

A full-adder

• adds two binary digits and carry previous addition

An index register of a digital computer is

• used for address modification

A servo-motor robot moves between _____ stops

• soft

After firing SCR, the gating current is removed, the SCR current is

• still the same

VTVM produces negligible loading effect because of its

• high internal Resistance

To avoid a high noise figure in an amplifier the volume control must have

• low DC current

A neighboring atom of a crystal lattice structure like a Ge form a ___ bond

• covalent

A neighboring atom of a crystal lattice structure like a Ge form a ___ bond

• solid state device

A moving coil voltmeter is for

• DC voltage only

The output of Class B amplifier is

• positive half cycle only

Capacitor that helps multivibrator to transfer from one state to another instantaneously

• commutator capacitor, step-up capacitor, transpose capacitor

Positive and negative complex waves is symmetrical

• if it has an odd harmonics

Maxwell L/C is so called

• balance because it has two opposite impedances in opposite arm

The ratio in which the circuit opposes oscillation is

• damping ratio

Inverse saturation current (Ico)

• increases in every 10° C increase in temperature

When a purely inductive coil is fed to a complex wave, the current has

• less distortion

The energy required to obtain electrons in the valence shell is

• very less

In any atom, the potential energy of  an orbiting electron.

• is always negative

For sustaining oscillation, for a feedback amplifier. The loop gain is

• greater than one

Essential feature of a non-servo 

• Controlled robot:
• each axis moves only between hardware stops.

When a discharge fluorescent lamp has to be used in dc supply, what component needs to be connected in series with it?

• Resistor

When a large amount of analog signal is to     be converted to digital form, an analog multiplier is used. An A to D converter most suitable in this case will be.

• successive approximation type

Consist of two interdependent circuits such that the output of each controls the input of the other:

• relaxation oscillator

Moving coil voltmeter measures

• only DC voltages

The capacitance of the capacitor is NOT influence by:

• plate thickness

Produces a low output when one or both input is high:

• NOR Gate

1ms can be converted to 10ms using:

• Monoastable multivibrator

Electronics Trivia 7

If two perfect sine wave have the same frequency and the same amplitude, but are in opposite phase, the composite wave?

• Have zero amplitude, because the two sine waves cancel each other

What happened to the capacitor that has been connected across the battery?

• It becomes charged

The output is “0” if all the inputs are “0”?

• OR

What is true about the step up transformer?

• The output voltage is greater than input voltage

Thermocouple

• Becomes warm when current flows through it

DC motor can be looked up as DC Generator when power flows

• Reversed

The Interactive Solar Power system

• Allowed homeowner to sell power to the utility

The voltage amplifier used in high voltage, high current applications. This is the most efficient amplifier

• Switching amplifier

Which is low efficiency rectifier?

• Wide Band Rectifier

DC loadline of a transistor 

• has a negative slope

The two input of an Op-amplifier

• Inverting and non-inverting

The SCR will conduct appreciable current

• When anode and gate are both positive with respect to cathode

Scale error of an instrument is 

• Due to its scale mark not being place at the place

Class A amplifier is used when 

• Minimum distortion desired

In class A amplifier the worst case occur when

• No signal applied

The anthropomorphic arm robot is widely used in spray paint because

• It is most maneuverable

The pin resistor used in Industrial electron heating is in 

• hairpin form

The apparatus/instrument made by Lawrence and Leavingstone

• Magnetic resonator

Count up to 9 and reset to the next pulse

• Decade counter

The two transistor class B amplifier usually called _________amplifier.

• Push-pull

The advantage of photodiode

• Used as variable resistor

Advantages of non-servo controlled robot

• high operating speed

low cost

• high repeatability

Wein-bridge oscillator is a 

• Stable sine wave audio generator

When correctly bias, Zener diode has a 

• Constant voltage across to it

The ripple factor of a power supply is measured by

• Filter efficiency

The Ip/Iv ratio of a tunnel diode is important in

• Computer applications

The number of sub shell in n=4 is equal to

• 4

In low pass filter, the cut off frequency reduced the output voltage to ____of the input voltage.

• 70.7 %

What is the total collector current of Common Base?

• IC = aIE + IC

Transition Time

• it identifies the rise time or the fall time of the output voltage.

Eddy Current

• is caused when a moving  magnetic field intersects a conductor, or vice-versa

Shelf life of lithium cell

• 5-10 years

A filter which pass a range of frequency and all others are rejected

• Band pass Filter

High voltage for transmitting power is economically available in

• AC current

How high in terms of working voltage replacement in replacing a capacitor

• at least 10-20% high

A typical Kelvin’s double bridge that has the range of 2O – 10µO has an efficiency of

• +/- 0.05 to +/- 0.2%

Ideal noise factor of an amplifier is 

• 0 dB

What is the advantage of electromagnetic meter over a permanent magnet meter?

• the electromagnetic meter is rigid

The process of removing particle suspended into gas by a electrostatic charge and subsequent precipitation

• electrostatic precipitation

Maximum and minimum scale of a measuring device

• range of span

Electronics Trivia 6

Tapped coil

• hartley

Word size use in largest computers

• 64

It is where the fermilevel lies

• forbidden band

When IB current increase

• IE and IC increases

Components of microprocessor

• ALU and control unit

Instrument that measures temperature variation due to change in metallic resistance

• bolometer

Determines the inductance of a circuit

• Maxwell-Wien bridge

Composed of JK, RS flip flop and an inverter

• D flip-flop

Operates in depletion mode only

• JFET

The change in power level when power output is double.

• 3 dB

The effect of which the collector base junction exceeds in maximum reverse bias voltage or active region, thus, breakdown occurs.

• Punch through effect

The independence of diode current due to temperature effect.

• Voltage equivalent temperature

Inexpensive and needs no adjustment

• RC Coupling (audio low-level amplifier)

Part of intrinsic semiconductor where the electrons are active.

• conduction band

4 bits

• 1 nibble

1 byte

• 2 nibbles

Sudden instantaneous change in input current from the steady state conditions

• step input

Use to store most recently read data and frequently read data

• cache memory

Use to measure frequency and unknown capacitance with great accuracy

• Wien-bridge

Due to change in neutron of an atom

• Isotope

The speed or velocity of an electron when electric field applied

• drift velocity or drift speed

To minimize the eddy current loss in an inductor.

• core laminated

Selenium arsenide typical voltage

• 1 volt

Ability of material to produce magnetic line of flux and capable of interacting other magnetic fields

• magnetism

Has the same rate and decay

• triangular wave

Examples of output devices in a computer system

• screen and printer

Working envelope of the robot manipulator

• range of the axis motion

99.9% of pure gold has conductivity 

• 72.6%

What is form by adding parallel inputs to the inverted amplifier?

• Inverting summer amplifier or Inverting adder

Wheatstone bridge is used in measuring resistances in range?

• 1O to few MO

Magnetic amplifier is a power amplifier with frequency response normally limited to?

• 100 Hz or below

Corona results in?

• Radio interference

What is the advantage does a Bridge rectifier have over Center tapped Full wave rectifier?

• Bridge rectifier produces twice the voltage at the same size transformer

The Half wave voltage doubled is made up of how many half wave rectifiers?

• 2

What capacitor is polarized?

• Electrolytic

Synchronous Capacitor is?

• Over-excited synchronous motor running without mechanical load.

The packing factor of Face-centered cubic crystalline structure is?

• 0.74

The development process by Monocrystalline structure cooling of a molten mass substance is called?

• Crystal growth

What is the operating temperature of Class B motor?

• 130 °C

The Vector is a quantity that has?

• Magnitude and Direction

Electronics Trivia 5

What principle is used in cathode ray tube to deflect an electron beam?

• Magnetic Deflection System.

For current working NPN BJT, the different electrode should have the following polarities with respect to emitter.

• collector + VE, base + VE

The PIV is applied across the diode when it is

• reverse bias

The word robot coined by

• Karel Capek

Semiconductor device that behaves two SCR

• Triac

4 bit data word

• nibble

A transistor amplifier with 85% efficiency is most likely

• Class C

A notching relay

• switches in response to specific number of impulses received

Johnson noise in an amplifier is a noise due to 

• The act that electrons in resistor is carry slightly different amounts of energy

Special featured of I2L

• bipolar saturated logic

Oscillator that has the best frequency stability

• crystal

The SI unit of illuminance at a point of a surface

• lux

By degrees of freedom is meant to the number of __________ directions which the end effectors of a robot can be move.

• independent

Testing the blown cartridge fuse by connecting a test lamp from one clop to other suspected fuse is always indicating a:

• Blown fuse if lamp lights up.

Half adder can be constructed by

• One XOR and one OR and their inputs connected in parallel

Junction breakdown occurs when

• under reverse bias

The main job of a voltage regulation provide a nearly _____ output voltage

• constant

Capacitor is made up of 

• two conductor separated by an insulator

A diode used as a voltage regulator

• Zener diode

An amplifier suffer from distortion when the output is

• different from the input

Astable multivibrator

• is an oscillator

What is the primary use of a megger?

• measure high resistance

The least effect of corona

• Atmospheric temperature

The change of direction of a needle in a compass, when current carrying wire is bought near

• electromagnetic deflection

Probability of occupancy of energy level

• fermilevel

What is the maximum voltage of 117 VRMS?

• 165 V

A comparator with hysteresis is?

• Schmitt Trigger

Why reason why it is practical to make extremely high voltage battery of cells is that?

• There isn’t any real need for such thing

The main advantage of full-wave rectifier over half wave rectifier is?

• Peak Voltage of full wave rectifier is half of the half-wave rectifier

Indicates the probability of occupancy of electron in an energy level by an atom?

• Fermilevel

Maximum number of electrons is 18

• M-shell

It is the sudden but energetic changes from one steady state to another.

• transition transient

Carries an intrinsic at room temperature 

• both holes and electrons

When charging lead acid cell there is

• Increase in volume

This efficiency is always greater than 1?

• (Ah/Wh) Ampere-hour / (W/hr) Watt-Hour

The change or differential circuit on an  SCR

• false trigerring

Current is uniformly distributed in the conductors cross-section if

• resistance of the conductor is equal to the ohmic value

Increase of reverse voltage of varicap or varactor diode causes its capacitance 

• decreases

Amplifier that generates voltage with time

• voltage time-base generator

Number of card read per minute in card reader

• 10,000

Electronics Trivia 4

Diode use for high speed switching

• Shockley Diode

What motor characteristic is affected by counter emf?

• Speed

What is the greater threat for diode?

• Heat

What amplifier has the highest degree of fidelity?

• Class A 

Mechanical Computer is considered to what type?

• Analog

What is the power source of synchrous?

• AC

How is EPROM erased?

• With a burst of ultra violet rays

What meter is used to measure insulation resistance?

• Megger

What is the greatest advantage of a VOM?

• No external power is required

What is the output of half wave rectifier?

• Half wave rectified signal

Transistor battery best fits in___

• Electronic Calculator

Hexagonal closed packed crystalline___

• Zinc

In IC fabrication, the minimum distance between features

• Geometry

In power supply design, 15 VDC output 20 VAC inputs which are not required?

• UPS

High sensitivity substance

• Permanent Magnet

Ferromagnetic  Materials

• Concentrates magnetic flux line within itself

In RL plane, what is shown?

• unique combination of resistive and inductive reactance.

It increases inductance in the inductor

• Ferromagnetic Core

What are the advantages of metal oxide semiconductor?

• Sensitive an can be damage electro statically 

A DC voltmeter is high sensitive and accurate in measuring

• High resistance circuit

A net electric charge in an isolated system remains constant

• Law of Conservation of Charge

A change of crystal frequency when L or C connected in parallel

• 0.1 %

DC armature resistance

• 0.5  

In context of corona, if the conductor is polished and smooth which statement is true?  

• Corona glows uniformly along the length of  conductor

Maximum change of power that a normal human can hear

• 1 dB

An error which cannot be correct through calibration or any method of control which source is unknown

• Random Error

Minimum increment measurable with certainty in instrument

• Resolution

Which of the following is not a sinusoidal wave generator?

• Multivibrator

Meter movement uses current induced in thermocouple by heating the resistive element.

• Thermocouple Meter Movement

It is the movement of holes

• Hole Current

Refers to the mean time of which the excess of electrons and holes exists before they recombined and disappeared

• excess carrier lifetime

The process of adding impurities in pure semiconductor.

• Doping

A periodic waveform possessing half symmetry has no.

• Even harmonics

In BJT, IB=100µA and IC=10mA what is the range of beta?

• 1.01 to 10

When two simple low pass filter having the same values of R and C in cascaded the combined filters will have a roll off of

• -40dB/decade

The input impulses gets converted to spike on the alternating polarities using a high pass RL circuit with small time constant.

• peaking

A circuit used to generate a rectangular waveform and hence used to gate to other circuit.

• gating circuit

The circuit is tuned by changing the voltage applied at resonance frequency.

• electrical tuning

Non sinusoidal waveform are made up of

• different sinusoidal waveform

The most useful AC Bridge for comparing capacitances of two air capacitors.

• De Sauty Bridge

Electronics Trivia 3

The value of disk capacitor

• 100 pf

In voltage divider

• the input resistance in the input side is low

MOSFET is high impedance because

• its gate is insulated from other device.

Excitation is ___

• energy needed for the electron orbit to increase

Electrostatic field in a pn junction that hole and electron must overcome

• barrier

___ keeping the oscillation in the circuit

• Flywheel Effect

___ used for computing inductance with unknown conductance

• Maxwell bridge

___ is neglected in measurement of short transmission line

• Shunt Admittance

Input signal in the control system that is not dependent on the output system

• Command Input

___ use in vacuum welding 

• Electron beam welding

How many times does a sine wave reaches zero from the 1st positive peak?

• 2 times

Tank Circuits are also called

• Anti-resonant Circuits

A logic operator that produces “0” if only if the inputs are all high

• NAND gate

If you have infinite no. of resistor w/ 10 ?, 10 W specifications, what will you combine in series-parallel in order to obtain a 100 ?, 100 W connections?

• 4 x  4

The rectangular coordinates represents?

• The value of the horizontal plane & vertical plane

Point Contact Diode are commonly used on

• RF Detectors

In designing Pre-Amplifiers, it is important to consider ___

• Insertion Loss

It is a device used in 10-1000GHz frequency range?

• IMPATT

Negative Feedback main advantage

• Reduced gain, Increase bandwidth, and reduced distortion

Monolithic Packaging is usually in ___ ICs

• Digital

Logic gates are for?

• Logic decisions

Op Amp shunt regulator differs from series regulator because?

• Its control element is in series with the line resistance

In Hall effect, the electric field is?

• Normal to the current and magnetic field

The faster logic family?

• ECL (Emitter Couple Logic)

Photo darlington comprises of?

• A phototransistor and a transistor

Common emitter Configuration that is dependent of ß

• Voltage Divider Bias

A High Q-tuned circuit amplifier is one with 

• High selectivity

Subroutines is used large programming

• To test the running time of the program

A continuous programming of robot path

• Walkthrough

The internal impedance of an ideal op-amp

• High impedance

The output impedance of an ideal op-amp

• Very low impedance 

The input impedance of an ideal op-amp

• Very high impedance

Which of the following described a common collector amplifier?

• Voltage low gain

Which element cannot produce magnet?

• Carbon

LED is basically_____

• Forward bias

LED produce light 

• when the electron return to its hole

A cell rate is

• ampere per hour

Devices usually uses semiconductor

• Solid State Devices

A type of cell that cannot be used until it dies

• Nickel Cadmium

Why is solar cell used in satellite?

• because it has unlimited battery life

Electronics Trivia 2

 Strongest dielectric material

• Glass

Comparator with hysteresis

• Schmitt trigger

Serves as cathode of dry cell

• Zinc container

Electrode of Alkaline cell

• Potassium hydroxide

Cell commonly use on emergency system

• Silver Zinc

When making a binary counter, a preferred flip-flop is

• D-Type

Bouncing of electron from one atom to another

• Drift current

Most dangerous short circuit

• Dead short circuit

What is “computer on a chip”?

• Transputer

Any charge given to the battery after taking of the vehicle

• Bench charge

Which of the following has body centered cubic crystalline structure?

• Chromium

Which of the following has hexagonal close pack crystalline structure?

• Zinc

The _____ is the volume of atom divided by the cell volume

• Packing ratio

The packing ratio of a face centered cube crystalline structure is

• 0.74

The elements of transformer

• Core, Primary winding, and Secondary winding

The core is laminated to

• To minimize the eddy current loss

Solid grounding is use for voltage below

• 66O V

Resistance grounding is use for voltage

• 3.3 kV – 11 kV

The gain of buffer amplifier is

• Unity

Set-up Transformer increases

• Voltage

The antiparticle of antineutron is

• Neutron

Voltage drop for selenium conductor is

• 1 V

A Dc to Dc Converter with unregulated input and regulator output

• Switch Mode Power  Supply

Universal Motor has

• High output kw/kg ratio

Universal Motor is one that is

• can be operate either ac or dc

Heaviside bridge

• measure mutual inductance

Separation of chip

• 2-3 µm

Transformer operates on 20 kHz to 20 MHz

• Carrier Frequency Transformer

Range of CMMR

• 100 to 10,000 / 40-80 dB

The particle that can’t use for magnet

• Carbon

It can vary AC but not DC

• Frequency

A structure formed by atom covalent bond together

• Crystal

Controller in vacuum tubes

• Control Grid

Bypass capacitor used in high frequency circuit

• Ceramic

The ___ has low output when both input are   low

• OR gate

What is the turn-on voltage of LED?

• 1.6 V

Air works as well as dielectric mainly because

• has low loss

The ___ apply to a network with more than one source emf

• Superposition Theorem

The characteristic of mica capacitor is

• small size

What process is used in cold welding?

• Pressure

The first name of transistor

• Point

Electronics Trivia 1

Made up of sine wave with fundamental frequency and its entire harmonics.

• Sawtooth Wave

Graph of Impedance in vertical axis

• Voltage or current accompanies with reactive components

 A wiring diagram would be found mostly in:

• Service/Repair manual in radio receiver

 Inductor works in

• stores energy in the magnetic field

 A zener diode exhibits

• constant voltage, varying current

In positive logic circuit, the logic “1” represents

• High level

 It converts high language to machine language

• Compiler

Open circuit test are to measure?

• Core Loss

 Short Circuit test on transformer is done by?

• shorter the smaller voltage winding

Regulation is used to?

• Maintain a constant level of supply

When its electron tubes are applied with a high voltage, it emits lights?

• Phototube

Transistor Packaging used during the time of transistor?

• Transistor Outline Package

The ability of magnetic material to retain magnetism even if the magnetic supply was switch to zero?

• Residual Magnetism

 Lightning Arrester is usually placed? 

• near the transformer

 Used to eliminate the use of inductive elements

• RC synthesis

 During this potential conduction exist after being idle?

• Offset Potential/Threshold Potential

This influence must be considered during recombination?

• Emission Coefficient

At mid frequency, the loss at lower half frequency is?

• 3dB

 Error that is due to inexperience of the user?

• Gross Error or Personal error

 This is used to limit variations in amplitude?

• Limiter

 Used to have amplification and when saturated it will stay saturated to that level even if increase in bias?

• Level Clamp

The most commonly used FET amplifier for voltage amplification?

• Common Source Amplifier

 The most simple converter used for motor?

• Half wave converter

 The difference in angle between two vectors?

• Phase Difference

 Discovered that the radius of an atom is 10 -14 m?

• Ernest Rutherford

 The Output of 175 VDC rectifier circuit?

• Pulsating DC

 The most influential factor for conductivity?

• Electron Structure

 The one that holds the current register of instructions?

• Instruction register

 Alkaline?

• are better used on radios compare to zinc-carbon cell

 Lead Acid is about?

• 2.1 Volts

 The one with highest input impedance?

• MOSFET

 A variation of Colpitts oscillation that use net inductive reactance on its circuits w/ 2 capacitor elements?

• Clapp Oscillator

 Surge impedance of cable

• 50

 An overexcited synchronous motor running   without mechanical load

• Synchronous capacitor

 Type of resistors connected parallel w/ capacitor in power supply

• Bleeder resistor

 Voltage Regulation is negative when bad power factor is

• Leading

 Corona is likely to occur at

• Transmission Line

 Duty cycle of square wave 

• 1:2